Services

Substantive Editing

Big-picture editing that looks at organization, content, structure, and flow. Would it work better to switch the order of certain chapters or sections? Does a key topic need to be defined early on? Should a related topic be addressed? Substantive editing, also known as developmental editing, asks—and answers—these kinds of questions.

Copyediting

Sentence- and paragraph-level editing that looks at clarity, style, flow, syntax, usage, and mechanics. A heavy copyedit takes on more issues of style, clarity, and flow, while a light copyedit focuses more on grammar and mechanics—but at any level, copyediting eliminates errors and checks for consistency. 

Proofreading

Final check for typos, inconsistencies, and other errors. A cold read checks the typeset material with a fresh eye; a standard proofread checks it against the copyedited material to make sure everything has been set correctly. If the pages have been typeset, proofreading includes checking for widows and orphans and looking at line breaks and page breaks.